Hot weather poses a health risk to the elderly, children, and individuals with chronic conditions. However, even healthy people may experience a decline in well-being, including increased pulse rate, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
Hot weather poses a health risk to the elderly, children, and individuals with chronic conditions. However, even healthy people may experience a decline in well-being, including increased pulse rate, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
During hot weather, there is a risk of heatstroke, and prolonged exposure to the scorching summer sun can lead to sunstroke. The symptoms of sunstroke and general heatstroke are similar. It typically begins with a dry mouth and intense thirst, followed by headaches and sometimes dizziness. Some individuals may experience tinnitus. Nausea, and occasionally vomiting, may follow. In addition to the aforementioned symptoms, severe sunburn caused by UV radiation can also occur.
The first step is to ensure adequate oxygen supply to the body and restore thermoregulation. Move the affected person to a cooler location. Remove any unnecessary or restrictive clothing. If possible, cool the body with water or apply a compress to the head using a wet towel or cloth. If a refreshing cool shower is available, take it immediately!
After administering first aid, call for an ambulance or transport the person to the hospital yourself. Remain with them until the ambulance arrives or during the journey to the hospital.
Remember that sunstroke, like other adverse effects of heat on the body, can be easily avoided by following these guidelines:
In sunny weather, wear loose, light-coloured clothing and do not neglect headwear.
Sunbathers should also remember to use sunscreen and wear hats.
Avoid direct sunlight. It is better to stay in the shade.
Limit your time outdoors whenever possible.
Do not increase physical exertion; the body is already under strain.
Spend less time driving. Due to the heat, a driver's ability to concentrate significantly decreases, some reactions are impaired, and as a consequence, the number of accidents increases. If possible, use air conditioning in the car.
If you use air conditioning at home or in the office for cooling, remember that the air temperature should not be lower than 23-25 degrees Celsius. It is better to position yourself away from this appliance: even a weak cool breeze can cause a runny nose and colds. No air conditioner? Damp sheets hung on open windows will help.
In hot weather, individuals with hypertension and heart conditions need to regularly take medications prescribed by their doctor. People who have had a heart attack or stroke should take blood-thinning medications prescribed by their doctor during hot weather. It is not recommended for individuals with heart conditions to cool down in cold water, as it can cause blood vessel spasms. It is necessary to rest more, with activity only from 6 to 11 AM and from 5 to 9 PM.
Diabetic patients have impaired sweating ability, they dehydrate quickly, and their blood sugar levels rise. It is necessary to carry all medications prescribed by the doctor. Furthermore, it should be taken into account that insulin is less effective at high temperatures.
Drink more fluids – 2-2.5 litres per day. It is best to drink boiled water cooled to room temperature, or still mineral water. Ensure the water is not cold, as in hot weather the risk of developing tonsillitis and respiratory diseases increases due to a decrease in immunity. Consume fruits in unlimited quantities; they are the main source of mineral salts and vitamins. In hot weather, exclude fatty, fried, and sweet dishes from your diet. The menu should include light food – boiled or stewed fish, chicken, cold soups, and okroshka.
Avoid consuming sugary carbonated drinks, coffee, beer, and strong alcoholic beverages. All of these put a strain on the heart and blood vessels in hot weather and can pose a serious health risk even to the strongest person.